Promoting pro-environmental gardening practices: Field experimental evidence for the effectiveness of biospheric appeals

Pro-environmental gardening practices can help to address climate change and biodiversity loss. However, little is known about how urban garden owners can be motivated to engage in such practices. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of behavior change techniques for the promotion of pollinator-friendly garden flowers in a field experiment. Over a period of three weeks, we observed purchases of a pollinator-friendly seed mixture positioned in the checkout area of a Belgian wholesale store (total number of purchases = 162). Customers were exposed to posters that highlighted either the environmental benefits (e.g., conserving insect biodiversity) or the personal benefits (e.g., having a beautiful garden) of planting the seeds. In comparison to a control condition, seed purchases increased by 82% when environmental benefits were highlighted. The effect of stressing personal benefits was not significant. Our results indicate that pro-environmental gardening practices can be promoted by highlighting their environmental benefits at a point of decision.     

Perceived COVID-19-related stress drives home gardening intentions and improves human health in Taiwan

The COVID-19 pandemic has added a layer of mental health problems and perceived stress. Home gardening is considered a good method to reduce perceived stress. The current research evidence is insufficient to understand the relationship and influencing factors between the intentions, behaviors, and benefits of home gardening during short-term COVID-19 events. Although the duration from the onset to stabilization of the outbreak lasted for only 1.5 months from May to June 2021 throughout Taiwan, the significant pandemic changes might have affected the perceived stress along with the intentions, behaviors, and benefits of home gardening. This study explored the relationship between pandemic stress and home gardening through online snowball sampling because of the strict social distancing regulations. A total of 1455 non-follow-up and internet questionnaires throughout Taiwan were collected during the wave onset, peak, easing, and stabilization stages. The questionnaire included questions on personal information, perceived pandemic stress, gardening intentions, gardening behaviors, and gardening benefits. This study showed that perceived stress increased from the pandemic onset to its peak, and decreased from the peak to stabilization stages. Home gardening intentions and behaviors also revealed similar trends. Higher pandemic-perceived stress directly increased home-gardening intentions and indirectly promoted home-gardening behaviors and benefits. Our findings indicated that home gardening is a positive element in reducing perceived stress. Lower gardening intentions and behaviors were observed when the high perceived stress was removed. This study suggests that home gardening was a valuable strategy for staying close to nature and obtaining multiple benefits during the peak pandemic period. Providing small-scale gardening activities and spaces is appropriate for obtaining gardening benefits and avoiding space abandonment after the pandemic. Providing seeds, seedlings, tools, knowledge, online home gardening programs, and small residential and food gardens is a valuable strategy for obtaining multiple benefits during the peak of the pandemic.     

中国水产信息主页的设计和制作

本文介绍了中国水产信息主页设计和制作过程中的方法、步骤和技术关键，如：信息组织、基本结构、文档处理、图象处理、表格处理、链接处理等，并对如何设计和维护这种类型的主页提出建议。     

遥感与物联网耦合技术在土地生物资源动态管理中的应用

自然保护区是包含了土地自然资源、野生和畜牧生物以及人类社会的复杂系统,本研究以牲畜和草地资源关系为模式场景,通过哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)卫星影像提取的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)分析生物质覆盖率,通过穿戴式智能终端获得牦牛的位置和行为信息,并利用最小凸多边形法(minimum convex polygon,MCP)和整体动态加速度(overall dynamic body acceleration,ODBA)计算得到牲畜行为信息和活动量状态.结果表明:1)秋季NDVI呈显著减小趋势,冬季NDVI不再发生变化,其中2019年9月NDVI平均值达到最大值,为0.65,之后急剧减小;2)牧场围栏对于试验生物的活动能力和采食需求是有限边界,带犊牦牛和不带犊牦牛之间的家域面积无明显区别;3)在影响家域范围的因素中,人为因素基于其主观特性,影响力远大于其他因素,而物理隔离因素大于季节因素和其他环境因素;4)牦牛在2020年2月的家域面积最小,由于入冬后采食资源有限,牧场多辅以谷物饲喂,并利用附加围栏控制牦牛活动范围,避免其过多消耗能量.5)人为干预和采食资源减少的驱使下,试验生物趋向于保守的能量消耗策略,同时不带犊的生物由于负担较轻,活动量及能量消耗较小,在恶劣环境下具备更好的生存机会.本研究为实现数据采集、数据耦合和分析决策系统提供全新分析思路与方法,后续研究中将现有试验流程方法嵌入相对无限空间、低干扰试验环境,完成数据采集-耦合分析-反向决策干预验证的反馈闭环.     

需求溢出理论视角下社区居家养老服务福利治理研究——基于浙江省LC社区“温暖之家”案例的分析

基于需求溢出理论,以需求类型、治理主体、组织载体、功能路径、资源效用为基本要素构建社区居家养老服务福利治理的分析框架。通过对浙江省案例的分析发现:非营利组织在提供社区居家养老服务方面优势明显;资源效用是决定治理主体及其功能路径差序嵌入的关键因素,资源效用最大化的功能路径混合配比是福利资源整合的最佳途径,根据需求价值优先次序和需求异质性进行福利分置;资源禀赋差异和需求溢出差异决定了"差序化"和"关联性"的协同治理模式;社区居家养老福利治理的关键在于不同治理主体及其功能路径的相互嵌入方式和相关机制的融合创新。     

Greening urban road verges highlights diverse views of multiple stakeholders on ecosystem service provision,challenges and preferred form

Globally, there is growing recognition of the potential of road verges to contribute to urban greening and ecosystem service provision, beyond their original functions of utility provision and public access. Numerous, diverse stakeholders are involved in their management, yet their shared and diverging perspectives on verge greening are poorly understood. This research examined the perspectives on road verge greening by 30 respondents from eight stakeholder groups from the Perth Metropolitan Area, Australia. Stakeholders spanned local and state governments, developers, peak bodies, utility providers, environmental consultants, verge treatment providers and urban greening advocates. Semi-directed interviews and Likert scales were used to assess respondents' perspectives and perceived importance of urban verge functions and ecosystem services, risks and challenges associated with verge greening, and preferred verge vegetation composition. The most important ecosystem services for all stakeholders were temperature regulation (through the provision of street trees), those associated with water management and aesthetically interesting streetscapes. Perceived challenges included limited knowledge for the management of native species verges and streetscapes, organisational costs for verge managers and utility providers, and the need to engage with multiple local government authorities with widely varying management and financial valuation of verge vegetation. Stakeholders’ preferred verge reflected diverse uses, local characteristics, and was climate and water resilient (particularly ‘waterwise’). A majority of stakeholder groups felt greater attention to the ‘understorey’ of the ‘urban forest’ was warranted. An emerging perspective across four stakeholder groups identified the potential for verges to grow a local ‘sense of place’, through plantings emphasising local native species and highlighting local Whadjuk Noongar seasons. These findings support policies and programmes associated with urban greening, and assist in navigating the contestation often associated with new or transformative uses of land at the public-private interface.     

Gardening in an urban farm: A way to reconnect citizens with the soil

Simultaneously perceived as places of agriculture, of nature, and of social ties, urban collective gardens and farms enable city dwellers to immerse themselves in gardening, to recover forgotten skills, to learn from nature and the environment. They reinstate the soil as a feature of the city by making it visible to the urban population, to whom it is often unknown. In this article, we focus on urban gardeners’ representations of the soil in a city of south of France. These representations were analyzed through the lens of the relationships that gardeners develop with the soil as an element of nature. Our results highlight relations where the care ethic is central. They suggest that the practice and the extension of agroecological urban gardening, by placing city dwellers in physical, skilled contact with the soil, promise a reconfiguration of citizens’ relationship with soil.     

从中国古典园林“鱼”元素景观演变探究造园理念的变化

鱼虽然作为园林中次要的动物造景要素，但它具有悠久历史、丰厚文化并促进了造园活动。以“鱼”元素景观为研究对象，通过梳理其在中国古典园林中的演变，将其表现形式划分为“以鱼生产”“以鱼成景”“以鱼装饰”“以鱼写意”四类，并总结了鱼元素景观启蒙、转折、深化、停滞 4 个发展时期的演变特征，进而探究不同时期造园理念的变化及造园理念与鱼元素景观之间互为促进的关系。从园林规划设计的角度对景观形式进行解析，探究不同形式背后所蕴含的造园理念，丰富鱼元素景观研究。     

乡村振兴背景下广东大学生返乡创业影响因素分析——基于二元Logistic 模型的实证分析

乡村振兴战略背景下，大学生返乡创业成为社会各界关注的话题。以广东省大学生为研究对象，运用二元Logistic 模型对问卷数据进行实证分析，剖析影响广东大学生返乡创业的主要因素，并根据研究结果探索促进大学生返乡创业的路径。结果表明，性别、学校类型、学历状况、就读专业等因素均对大学生返乡创业意愿产生显著影响。要推动更多大学生返乡创业，政府应加大创业宣传力度，扭转大学生和家长的传统观念，同时进一步完善大学生创业支持政策，为大学生返乡创业提供政策制度保障；高校应积极开展创业教育，改变大学生的创业认知水平，引导大学生充分发挥学科优势，为乡村振兴事业贡献力量。